Biology Chapter 1 (Reproduction in Organism) /Part 1./

Reproduction in organism

*Life span  - The period from birth to the natural death of an organism is called its life span.

*Life cycle-  The series of forms into which a living thing changes as it develops.

* Reproduction- Repordution is a biological process in which organism produce young ones (offspring)similar tothemselves.

#Basic feature of Reproduction.

1. Synthesis of RNA, Proteins and others  biochemicals.

2. Replication of DNA.

3. Cell division.

4. Growth of sales.

5. Formation of reproductive units.

6. Formation of new individual from reproductive units.

*Type of reproduction

1) Asexual reproduction.

2). Sexual reproduction.

# Asexual reproduction.

When offspring are produced by a single parent without the involvement of genetic fusion, direct production of called asexual.

Characteristic of asexual reproduction.

1.A single parent is involved (uniparental condition).

2. Gametes are not formed.

3. No fertilization, therefore a sexual reproduction is called agamogenesis or ogamogeny

4. There is only mitotic cell division.

5. Unit of reproduction is made of one or more somatic cells.

6. Daughter organism are genetically identical to parents.

7. Multiplication occurs rapidly.

#t

*Types of asexual reproduction.

1.Fission- break down.

This is the division of the parent body into two or more daughter individuals identical to the parent.

A. Binary fission (2) 

In this process of asexual reproduction ,the parent organism divided into two, is half form an independent daughter organism.

a. Simple binary fission- it can occur through any plan eg.Amoeba

b. Multiple fusion- In this process the parent body divide into too many similar daughter individual.

eg. Plasmodium

B. Budding

In budding,a daughter individual is formed from a small part of bud arises from the parent body.

ex. Budding in yeast

C. Gemmule formation

They are unicellular or multicellular propagules that detect from the parent the growth into new individuals.

D. Fragmentation

The parent body into two or more pieces called fragments. Found in in sponge, anemones and eachinoderms.

E. Spore formation

Spore are minute, single celled thin or thick walled. They are dispersive structure with also from new individual common in momera, protista algae and fungi.

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