Chemistry chapter 2 [ solution (part 1)]

             Chapter- Solutions 

Solution  is a  homeogenous mixture of two or  more substance which loss there individual identities and cannot be separate by simple method.

Binary solution= 2 components

                   Solution

  1. Salute ( smaller amount)

   2. Solvent( larger amount) 

Ex. 20% ethanol (salute)     80% water.(solvent) 

   

     * Jo chij  jyada quantity mai ho gi vo solvent ho gi.

     

        Concentration terms

1.Volume related

(Depend upon temperature)

Wt= weight      V= volume

A. % by volume V/V %

B. Wt/V

C. Molarity

D. Normality

2. Mass related (temperature independent)

A. % by mass weight/weight

B. Mole fraction

C. Molality

D. Parts per million || billion

Numericals.1

Numerical 2

Numerical 3

*Mole fraction

 No.of moles of A /No. Of moles of A + no. Of moles of B. 

 A       B

 1       3

1/4.    3/4

ZETA symbol of mole fraction 

     Numerical 4

*Ppm = parts per million 10^6 (10 lakhs)

*Molality

  Number of moles of solute which are present in 1 litre solution.

                  

Molar~M=1            1M

Bi Molar~  M=2.             2M

Semi Molar~. M=1/10     M/10

Centi Molar~ M=1/100    M/100